De Javasche Bank 1828 - 1953 (still under construction)
Presidents, Secretaries and Directors
March 2009
- By Rob
Huisman
The Javasche Bank was founded in 1828 and continued its operations
until after the Dutch transfer of souvereignty to Indonesia in 1949.
The Javasche Bank became the circulation bank for the Republic of
Indonesia and was nationalized in 1953.
A date in italics (24/01/1828)
means the date of the decree deciding about the appointment or
discharge of the board member. The date of a decree is
only mentioned in case the actual start or end date is unknown.
The
following board members (Presidents, Secretaries and Directors) were
authorized to sign banknotes issued by the Javasche Bank:
Presidents:
24/01/1828 - 22/03/1838 Chr.
de Haan (LL.M.)
Leonard Pierre Joseph viscount du Bus de Gisignies, Commissioner
General of the Netherlands Indies, appointed Chr. de Haan by decree 25
on January 24, 1828, to the position of President of the Javasche Bank.
Although several other people applied for the position of President,
the Commissioner General used his right to move past the nominees. On December 13, 1837, after
almost 10 year of service, de Haan was granted a two year European
leave. He seceded in the board meeting of March 22, 1838.
31/03/1838 -
10/03/1851 C.J.
Smulders
C.J.
Smulders, the Secretary of the Javasche Bank, succeeded de Haan as
President by decision of the Commissioner General on March 31,
1838.
In November 1846, Smulders bought 1/2 share in the
sugar factory Langsee. On January 7, 1851, Smulders requested to be
honorably discharged because of his weakening health. By decree of
March 4, 1851, Smulders was honorably discharged. He decided to
dedicate his time to his interest in the Langsee sugar factory. His
successor E. Francis, took over presidency during the board
meeting of March 10, 1851.
10/03/1851 - 01/07/1863 E.
Francis
Emanuel
Francis started his career in the Netherlands Indies as a clerk in 1815
and worked his way up in the government service to eventually become
the top civil servant available to the Commissioner General. From 1848
to 1850 Francis was Inspector of Finance and in 1851 he was honorably
discharged from the governement service. Next, Francis was appointed to
President of the Javasche Bank by decree of March 4, 1851. On his own
request Francis was honorably discharged per Juli 1, 1863 per
decree of April 20, 1863. In 1864 Francis published a book "De
regerings-beginselen van Nederlandsch Indië: getoetst aan de behoefte
van moederland en kolonie", expressing his dissatisfaction with the
implementation of a new economic system in the Netherlands Indies and
proposing an investigation by an independent committee. In 1969 Francis
published a request to the Dutch parliament about his reputed right for
payment of pension being a retired civil servant of the Netherlands
Indies government.
01/07/1863 - 30/06/1868 C.F.W. Wiggers van Kerchem
Wiggers
van Kerchem was appointed President per July 1, 1863. Wiggers van
Kerchem was a member of the firm Tiedeman & van Kerchem in Batavia
prior to his appointment. Per
decree of June 30, 1868, it was decided to discharge Wiggers van
Kerchem in the most honorable way. After finishing the concept of the
fifth Exclusive Right that should be implemented per April 1, 1870,
Wiggers van Kerchem decided to return to Europe for retirement.
01/07/1868 - 31/03/1870 J.W.C.
Diepenheim
Wiggers
van Kerchem was succeeded by Diepenheim by decree of June 30,
1868. Diepenheim who proviously was Secretary for two years, was
President for a short period. He resigned shortly after the fifth
Exclusive Right was made public. On March 18, 1870, his resignation was
accepted. Diepenheim died in The Hague on May 21, 1875 in the age of 75.
01/04/1870 - 31/03/1873 F.
Alting Mees (LL.M.)
By
decree of March 19, 1870, Alting Mees was appointed to the position of
President of the Javasche Bank. Alting Mees, previously lawyer and
attorney, already served the bank as director for several years. Due to
his appointment to President of the two high courts of the
Netherlands Indies, he left the Javasche Bank per March 31, 1873.
01/04/1873 - 01/09/1889 N.P.
van den Berg (LL.M.)
Norbertus
Petrus van den Berg was chosen as the next President of the Javasche
bank from two nominees and was appointed per decree of March 20,
1873. After more than 16 years of service, Van den Berg left the
Netherlands Indies in 1889 to become Director of the Nederlandsche Bank
and two years later President for a period of 21 years until the age of
81. He passed away in Amsterdam on January 8, 1917.
04/12/1889 - 19/09/1893 S.B.
Zeverijn
Altough
the board recommended Buijskes to become the next President, the
Governor General appointed S. B .Zeverijn to that position by decree of
August 21, 1889. Zeverijn was forced because of illness to leave
for Europe on March 1, 1893 where he died on December 13, 1893.
29/09/1893 - 21/12/1898 D. Groeneveld
Groeneveld, serving
as Director zince 1877, was promoted to President of the Bank per
decree of September
29, 1893. After more than five years as President, Groeneveld died on
December 21, 1898. Groeneveld was the first President that came from the Bank's own personnel.
25/03/1899 - 18/02/1906 J.
Reijsenbach
Reijsenbach
was President of the Javasche Bank from March 25, 1899. After the Eight
Exclusive Right was established, Reijsenbach resigned and was honorably
discharged per February 28, 1906. Reijsenbach died on December 1,
1918.
01/07/1906 - 31/10/1912 G.
Vissering (LL.M.)
By
decree of February 2, 1906, Vissering, Director of the
Amsterdamsche Bank was appointed as Director of the Javasche
Bank.Vissering resigned on October 31, 1912.
31/10/1912 - 01/07/1924 E.A.
Zeilinga Azn.
In
April 1907 Zeilinga started as Director of the Bank and was promoted to
President per October 31, 1912. Zeilinga resigned after almost 12 years
of serving as President and was honorably discharged on July 1, 1924.
(Azn.stands for the Dutch "Abrahamzoon" which means "Son of Abraham")
01/07/1924 - 01/07/1929 L.J.A.
Trip (LL.M.)
Trip
was appointed to the position of Director in the first half of
1924 and promoted to President of the Bank per July 1, 1924. He stepped
down on July 1, 1929. Later, Trip was President of the Nederlandsche
Bank during two periods, form October 12, 1931 to March 19, 1941 and
from May 1945 to May 1, 1946. He died in The Hague on March 5, 1947.
July 1929 - 17-11-1945 G.G. Van Buttingha Wichers (PhD, LL.M.)
Gerard
Gilles van Buttingha Wichers was keeper of the records (Chef der
Secretarie) at the Nederlandsche Bank from 1919 to 1928. He was was
appointed President of the Javasche Bank in the course of 1929
and held the position until he died from a hearth attack on November
17, 1945. During the Japanese occupation of the Netherlands Indies he
was kept prisoner in a war camp by the Japanese. His signature appeared
for the first time on banknote (25 Gulden) on August 1, 1929.
28/02/1946 - 10-10-1946 J.C.
van Waveren (LL.M.)
After
Van Buttingha Wichers passed away and R.E. Smits was not in
Indonesia, the Lieutenant Governor General used his special
mandate to
appoint J.C. van Waveren to acting President of the Javasche Bank on
February
28, 1946. Van
Waveren resigned for health reasons in September 1946.
10/10/1946 -
13/09/1949 R.E.
Smits (PhD)
Smits
was appointed acting President of the Javasche Bank on November
10, 1946 by decree of the Lieutenant Governor General. Smits died unexpectedly on September 13, 1949.
29/10/1949 - 30/04/1951 A.
Houwink (Ph.D)
Although
Count J.H.O. van den Bossh was a serious candidate to succeed Smits,
his nomination was dropped because of his name since he was the
great-grandchild of the governor-General Van den Bosch who introduced
the contoversial Cultivation System in the Netherlands Indies in the
1930's.
In stead Houwink was appointed as President on October 29, 1949. Houwink
had to read in the newspaper on April 30, 1951 that the Indonesian
government decided to nationalize the Javasche Bank and shortly after
heresigned from his position as President. After his resignation he
continued to be an advisor to the Javasche Bank management for some
time.
Ultimo 1951 - 30-06-1953.
S. Prawiranegara (LL.M.)
Sjafruddin
Prawiranegara, born on February 28, 1911 in Banten on island of Java,
was appointed as the first Indonesian President of the Javasche Bank in
the course of 1951. Prawiranegara remained President until the Javasche
bank was continued as Bank Indonesia on July 1, 1953. Prawiranegara was
releasedfrom his post with immidiate effect at the end of January 1958
by Indonesia's President Soekarno himself because of his involvement in
the rebellious PRRI (Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik
Indonesia) movement in Sumatra. He was replaced by Loekman Hakim
who held the position for only one and a half years. Prawiranegara was
imprisoned from 1961 to 1966 due to his PRRI involvement. He died of a
heart attack on February 15, 1989.
Secretaries (Directors):24/01/1828 - 31/03/1838 C.J. Smulders
Du Bus
appointed C. J. Smulders by decree 25
on January 24, 1828, to the position of Secretary of the Javasche Bank.
Out of four people that applied for the position of Secretary, Smulders
was nominated together with J.R. Turing who became accountant and
treasurer at the Javasche Bank.
31/03/1838 - 18/11/1840 H. Roos Jr.
Roos
Jr., accountant and starting April 1, 1935 also treasurer, was
appointed to the position of Secretary by decision of the
Commissioner General on March 31, 1838. Roos Jr. was honorably
discharged by decree of November 18, 1840 because he joined the firm
Reijnst& Vinju in Batavia.
18/11/1840 - 19/10/1843 J.C. Meder
Meder,
managing clerk of the firm Nolthenius & Co. in Batavia was
appointed Secretary of the Javasche Bank through the same decree that
discharged Roos Jr. After less than three years after his appointment,
Meder died on October 19, 1843.
27/12/1843 - 15/05/1849 H.M. Willer (LL.M.)
By
decree of December 27, 1843, Willer was appointed to the position of
Secretary of the Javasche Bank. Willer left the bank on May 15, 1849 in
order to join the firm Reijnst& Vinju in Batavia.
10/06/1849 - June 1854 C. Lingeman
Lingeman,
who already served the bank for twelve years, succeeded Willer by
decree of June 10, 1849. After five years as Secretary, Lingeman died
in June 1854.29/07/1854 - 24/04/1860 J. van Lennep
By
decree of July 29, 1854, Van Lennep was sworn in as Secretary of the
Javasche Bank. Van Lennep was honorably discharged by decree of
April 24, 1860
08/05/1860 - Ultimo 1862 H. Rochussen (LL.M.)
Rochussen,
a lawyer and attorney, was appointed Secretary of the Javasche Bank by
decree of May 8, 1860. Rochussen resigned in the course of 1862.
17/11/1862 - 14/05/1866 G. Hoeven
Hoeven,
already employed by the bank as treasurer since 1857, took up the
position as Secretary by decree of November 17, 1862. Due to his weak
health, Hoeven changed his position to become agent at the Semarang
branch, however shortly thereafter he went to Europe for leave. Only
after a couple of years he resumed his work in Semarang. Hoeven was
given an honorable discharge by decree of May 14,1866.14/05/1866 - 01/07/1868 J.W.C. Diepenheim
Diepenheim
was appointed Secretary to the Javasche Bank per decree of May 14,
1866. On July 1, 1868, Diepenheim succeeded Wiggers van Kerchem
as President of the Javasche Bank.
Ultimo 1868 - 01/04/1876 D. Schuurman
When
Diepenheim was promoted to President, Schuurman was appointed as
Secretary in 1868. On April 1, 1870, as part of the new Fifth Exclusive
Right, Schuurman continued his employment in the capacity of
director for several more years until he resigned per April 1,
1876..
01/04/1870 - 01/09/1877 D.N. Versteegh
By
decree of March 24, 1870, D.N. Versteegh was appointed as director of
the Javasche Bank. Versteegh was a former agent at the Soerabaja branch
of the Javasche Bank. Versteegh resigned per September 1, 1877.
01/08/1876 - 18/06/1892 A.A. Buijskes (LL.M.)
Buijskes
was appointed to Director of the Javasche Bank per decree of July 26,
1876 and actually started per August 1 of the same year.Buijskes was honorably discharged per June 18, 1892.
16/11/1877 - 29/09/1893 D. Groeneveld
It is mentioned in the "Gedenkboek van de Javasche Bank",
that Groeneveld was appointed as Director of the Javasche Bank per
decree of August 22, 1876, and started his mandate on November 26
of the same year. Hoever, the author assumes the year has been wrongly
printed and should be 1877, since Groeneveld succeeded Versteegh, who
left the Bank on August 1, 1877. Groeneveld, previously agent of the
Soerabaya branch of the Javasche Bank, served as Director for many
years and was promoted to President of the Bank per decree of September
29, 1893.
21/05/1892 - 19/03/1893 J.H. Appelius van Hoboken
Appelius
van Hoboken, previously an agent of the Soerabaya branch of the
Javasche Bank was appointed to Director by decree of May 21,
1892.
After less than a year being Director, Appelius van Hoboken died on March 19, 1893.
27/03/1893 - 06/07/1898 H.J.J. Hepp
By
decree of March 27, 1893, Hepp, previously agent at the Soerabaya
branch, was appointed as Director of the Javasche Bank. When Hepp's
term expired on July 6, 1898, he withdrew from being re-appointed.
19/10/1893 - 17/01/1899 H.P.J. van den Berg
H.P.J.
van den Berg, brother of the past President of the JavascheBank N.P.
van den Berg, was appointed to the position of Director by decree of
October 12, 1893. H.P.J. van den Berg was appointed as President
Groeneveld's successor on
January 17, 1899, but died on February 9, 1899 in Nice, before actually
starting his new position.
23/08/1898 - 25/03/1899 J.
Reijsenbach
Per
decree of June 15, 1898, Reijsenbach
was appointed as Director. He actually started in this position on
August 23, 1898. Shortly after and due to the death of H.P.J. van den
Berg, Reijsenbach was promoted to President of the Javasche Bank
by decree of February11, 1899, which he actually started per March 25,
1899.
25/04/1899 01/05/1902 H.J. Meertens
Meertens,
previously Notary in Batavia, was appointed to the position of Director
by decree of April 25, 1899. Meertens only stayed a short while in his
position. He requested European leave on December 27, 1901. Later, his
return to the Netherlands Indies was discouraged by his doctors and he
decided to resign from his position as Director on May 1, 1902.
11/02/1899 - xx/xx/1906 J.F.H. de Vignon Vandevelde
Jan
Frederik Hendrik de Vignon Vandevelde, born in Geertruidenberg, the
Netherlands on December 19, 1859, was appointed to the position of
Director per decree of February 11, 1899.
He died on March 7, 1931 in The Hague.
25/04/1902 - xx/xx/1907 A.F. van Suchtelen
By
decree of April 25, 1902, Van Suchtelen was appointed as Director of
the Javasche Bank. Prior to that, Van Suchtelen was agent at the
Semarang branch of the Bank.
17/04/1907 - 31/10/1912 E.A.
Zeilinga Azn.
Zeilinga
started his position as Director of theJAvasche Bank on April 17, 1907.
When Vissering resigned as President in 1912, Zeilinga succeeded him
per October 31 of the same year.
01/04/1908 - 01/07/1920 J. Gerritzen (LL.M.)
Gerritzen,
born in Soerabaya in 1869, started as Director of the Javasche Bank on
April 1, 1908. Prior to this Gerritzen was a lawyer at the High Court
in Batavia. He held the position of Director for more than 12 years
until it ended at July 1, 1920. After that Gerritzen returned to the
Netherlands adn was a member of the Dutch parliament from 1922 to 1925.
In 1926 Gerrtizen published "De Welvaart van Indië" containing the text
of a number of his speeches about the economy of the Netherlands
Indies. He died on December 10, 1941 in The Hague.
Ultimo 1912 - 1923/1924 K.F. van den Berg
When
Zeilinga was appointed to President, K.F. van den Berg, the son of the
previous President of the Javasche Bank, N.P. van den Berg, filled
up the vacancy of Director at the end of 1912. Prior to this K.F. van
den Berg served as the treasurer of "De Commissie voor den
Nederlandsch-Zuid-Afrikaanschen Handel".
28/02/1946 - Ultimo 1947 H.J. Manschot
Hendrik
Jan Manschot, born on May 5, 1907, On February
28, 1946 the Lieutenant Governor General used his special mandate to
appoint H.J. Manschot to Managing Director. In the course of 1947
Manschot became the Director of the Amsterdam branch of the Javasche
Bank. He held that position up to the nationalisation of the Bank by
Indonesia.
10/10/1946 - 30/06/1953 H. Teunissen
Teunissen
was appointed Managing Director of the Javasche Bank by decree of
November 10, 1946 by the Lieutenant Governor General. He resigned
on June 30, 1953 and was the last Dutch Director of the Javasche Bank
that was renamed the next day to Bank Indonesia.
Ultimo 1949 - September 1952 P.Spies
Paul Spies, born in Rotterdam in 1904, was Director and Second Vice President of the Javasche Bank from 1949 to 1951.
In
November 1950, almost a year after the official transfer of
souvereignty to Indonesia, Spies was arrested and kept in police
custody for four days for unclear reasons. He was only released after
cabinet member Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX of Yogyakarta intervened. In
September 1952 Spies resigned as Director, however remained to be an
advisor in the background. During
and after his employment at the Javasche Bank, Spies travelled a lot
within the Netherlands Indies (primarily to Bali) and later throughout
Asia. He became a recognized photographer. During a trip to Laos, where
he stayed in disguise as a photographer, he was killed in the civil war
on February 5, 1963. He was burried in Laos with American military
honor.
unknown - 10/10/1946 R.E. Smits (PhD)
In
1942 Smits is Managing Director of the Javasche Bank and involved in
the ordering of couterfeit Japanese invasion money in Australia. By
decree of October 10, 1946 Smits was appointed as President of the
Javasche Bank.
L. von Hemert
J.F. van Rossem
Mr. L.J.A. Trip
Th. Ligthart
Van Waveren
Van Waveren was also Director/Secretary for a while - see his signature on the Wajang series from 1937 - 1939
L. Götzen
Signed the 1 en 2 1/2 gulden 1940 notes of 1940
J.E. van Hoogstraten
Signed the 10 and 25 cent notes of 1948
W.A. Alons
Signed the 10 and 25 cent notes of 1948
Ultimo 1950 - 1960 I. Kasoema
Indra
Kasoema was added as a Director to the three head board of the Javasche
Bank in 1950. He is reported to still assist Loekman Hakim in 1959
as Director at Bank Indonesia and mentioned as Acting Governor of that
Bank in 1960.
Ultimo 1950 - January 1958 L. Hakim
Hakim
was added as a Director to the three head board of the Javasche Bank in
1950. He was promoted to Governor of Bank Indonesia in January 1958
when previous Governor Prawiranegara was fired.
Remaining questions:
1. Why was the 5 gulden proof note of 1942 signed by Praasterink & Wichers?
2. Who is "Van Duyn" who is mentioned as signatory on banknotes of the Javasche Bank by KUKI, Mevius and Java Auctions?
3. Why are the SPECIMEN banknotes of 300 gulden Mercurius signed by Vandevelde as President?
++++
The
author
would like to receive feedback; please e-mail via info@uang-kertas.com
================
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